The Selfish Oyster Crabs

       You know, I think oyster-crabs are perhaps the most selfish of all the sea animals," began daddy. ''The oyster-crabs really belong to the crab family. They are called oyster-crabs, however, because above all things they love the juice of an oyster and absolutely live on it. And what I am going to tell you about now is the way they get it.

       "First of all, the oyster-crab hovers around the oysters and then picks out a nice, fat, juicy looking oyster, saying to himself: ''You look as if you could feed me well without any effort. I think I will crawl into your shell.' So then he crawls right inside the oyster's shell and proceeds to enjoy himself. He prefers just to 'sponge' on others, as the expression goes!" 

More About Oysters:

• Starfish love to eat oysters too!
• Your dolls can craft oysters on the half shell for a party...

7 Books on Tide Pools for Children

Seven new titles have rotated into our class library for our last summer inquiry on tide pools. Check them out!

Ocean Soup by Stephan R. Swinburne. Student learn about different tide pool creatures through rap and rhyme.

Is This a House for Hermit Crab? by Megan Mcdonald. Readers follow a little hermit crab along the sandy shores as he searches for a new home.

A Swim through the Sea by Kristan Joy Pratt. An alphabet book about creatures from A-to-Z of both tide pools and the ocean deeps. There's specific facts per each animal given as well for older students to expand their knowledge further. 

In One Tidepool by Anthony D. Fredricks. Follow a young curly-haired girl to the beach as she explores the creatures that make their home in tide pools through a clever rhyming narrative.

Barnacle is Bored by Jonathan Fenske. Underneath the pier lives a barnacle who's grown bored with the predictable rise and fall of the tide life he lives. One day a bright, colorful fish swims by and barnacle learns a lesson that 'excitement' isn't sometimes all we imagine it to be.

Shell by Alex Arthur. From DK Eyewitness, all the information a young scientist could need about shells with corresponding photographs.

Flotsam by David Wiesner. A wordless book that tell the story of a young boy who is treasuring hunting along the beach--and treasure he does indeed find--through vivid illustrations.

Molas Characterized by Kuna Legends, Real Animals, Politics or Geometric Shapes

In this craft project, students make their own molas from paper instead of fabric. The methods of designing used in reverse applique are the same when using paper. However, the use of paper instead of fabric is much easier to do.

Both the crab and the turtle pictured here
are my teaching samples of paper molas.

      Traditional molas are made with fabric and a reverse applique technique. Several layers (usually two to seven) of different-colored cloth (usually cotton) are sewn together; the design is then formed by cutting away parts of each layer. The edges of the layers are then turned under and sewn down. Often, the stitches are nearly invisible. This is achieved by using a thread the same color as the layer being sewn, sewing blind stitches, and sewing tiny stitches. The finest molas have extremely fine stitching, made using tiny needles.

      The largest pattern is typically cut from the top layer, and progressively smaller patterns from each subsequent layer, thus revealing the colors beneath in successive layers. This basic scheme can be varied by cutting through multiple layers at once, hence varying the sequence of colors; some molas also incorporate patches of contrasting colors, included in the design at certain points to introduce additional variations of color.

      Molas vary greatly in quality, and the pricing to buyers varies accordingly. A greater number of layers is generally a sign of higher quality; two-layer molas are common, but examples with four or more layers will demand a better price. The quality of stitching is also a factor, with the stitching on the best molas being close to invisible. Although some molas rely on embroidery to some degree to enhance the design, those which are made using only the pure reverse-appliqué technique (or nearly so) are considered better.

      Molas will often be found for sale with signs of use, such as stitch marks around the edges; such imperfections indicate that the mola was made for use, and not simply for sale to tourists. A mola can take from two weeks to six months to make, depending on the complexity of the design.

Kuna woman selling Molas in Panama City

      The mola forms part of the traditional costume of a Kuna woman, two mola panels being incorporated as front and back panels in a blouse. The full costume traditionally includes a patterned wrapped skirt (saburet), a red and yellow headscarf (musue), arm and leg beads (wini), a gold nose ring (olasu) and earrings in addition to the mola blouse (dulemor).

      In Dulegaya, the Kuna's native language, "mola" means "shirt" or "clothing". The mola originated with the tradition of Kuna women painting their bodies with geometrical designs, using available natural colours; in later years these same designs were woven in cotton, and later still, sewn using cloth bought from the European settlers of Panamá.

^{More Related Content}

• The Art of Being Guna, from The San Diego Museum of Man. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
• Molas: the Textile Art of Panama, from The University of Missouri. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
• Rainforest Art. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
• "About Molas"March 26, 2008.
• " Mola HistoryJune 16, 2006
• Making a Paper Mola Lesson Plan
• Kuna and Their Molas
• Collage Mola: Free Lesson Plan Download
• Folk Art: From Mexico - Mexican handcrafts and folk art is a complex collection of items made with various materials and intended for utilitarian, decorative or other purposes. Some of the items produced by hand in this country include ceramics, wall hangings, vases, furniture, textiles and much more.